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Control Flow ​

If/Else ​

If/else statements in python are pretty straightforward and similar to other languages. elif is used instead of else if, and there are no parenthesis when stating the conditions.

python
num = 3
if num == 1:
    print("1")
elif num == 2:
    print("2")
else:
    print("Other")

For loops ​

For loops can iterate over lots of data structures. Range is exclusive of the end, and inclusive of the beginning.

python
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
    print(x)
for x in "banana": 
    print(x)
for x in range(6):
    print(x)    # Prints 0-5
for x in range(2,6):
    print(x)    # Prints 2-5

You can also use an else block after the for loop to run some code after the loop has finished. However, if the for loop is escaped with break, it won't run.

python
for x in range(6):
    print(x)
else:
    print("I will be shown!")

for x in range(6):
    if x == 3: break
    print(x)
else:
    print("I will not be shown :(")

While loops ​

Very similar to for loops in syntax and behavior. Can also include else statements to run after the loop concludes.

python
i = 1
while i < 6:
    print(i)
    i += 1
else:
    print("Finished")

Match ​

New in Python 3.10, you can now perform match statements in python.

python
num = 1
match num:
    case 1:
        print("1")
    case 2: 
        print("2")
    case _:
        print("other")